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September 1667

LegislationSupplement

Baptism no longer offers a claim to freedom

Virginia; enslaved Africans and their descendants

Virginia declared that Christian baptism did not change bondage. The act removed a possible religious argument for emancipation and made Christian conversion compatible with continued enslavement.

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Context / qualification

A step in hardening hereditary slavery; Christianity and racial classification were not interchangeable categories.

Sources

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Indigenous societies and colonial beginnings

European expansion transformed existing Indigenous worlds and began the legal and economic systems that would racialize land, labor, and belonging.

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