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July 1877

Labor organizingBook sources

Black and white workers participate in the St. Louis general strike

St. Louis, Missouri

During the railroad upheaval of 1877, workers in St. Louis extended the protest into a general strike. Zinn describes Black and white workers acting together and an explicit appeal to support Black strikers.

Dates preserve the source’s precision. This entry is part of a selected historical record; its qualifications and sources are retained below.

Context / qualification

The chapter supports a particular episode of solidarity, not a claim that racial exclusion disappeared from labor organizing. The municipal chronology corroborates the general strike’s timing, not every reported speech.

Sources

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Jim Crow, exclusion, and imperial expansion

Segregation, racial violence, immigration exclusion, and forced assimilation shaped everyday life and national policy.

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