1813–1814

Creek War and Jackson’s campaign

Southeast; Muscogee communities

A conflict involving Muscogee factions became a U.S. military campaign that killed fighters and civilians and devastated communities. Collective land penalties later reached even Muscogees who had supported Jackson.

Dates preserve the source’s precision. This entry is part of a selected historical record; its qualifications and sources are retained below.

Context / qualification

Internal political divisions and U.S. expansion both shaped the conflict.

Sources

• Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States (2014), chapter 6
• Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States (2014), chapter 6

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