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1933–1940s

Economic coercionBook sources

Federal livestock reduction on Navajo lands

Southwest; Diné families, especially livestock owners

Federal officials pushed the destruction and reduction of sheep and goats as a conservation measure. The policy undermined livelihoods and autonomy, with lasting trauma for households whose economies depended on livestock.

Dates preserve the source’s precision. This entry is part of a selected historical record; its qualifications and sources are retained below.

Context / qualification

The author’s interpretation of motives should be distinguished from documented conservation rationales and implementation.

Sources

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Jim Crow, exclusion, and imperial expansion

Segregation, racial violence, immigration exclusion, and forced assimilation shaped everyday life and national policy.

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