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4 November 1976 report; reviewed practices in the 1970s

Reproductive injusticeSupplement

GAO finds failures in IHS sterilization consent procedures

Four Indian Health Service areas; Indigenous patients

Federal auditors found that sterilization practices generally failed to comply with IHS regulations and that most reviewed consent forms did not meet requirements. The findings documented failures to protect meaningful consent.

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Context / qualification

The audit was limited to four areas; it does not establish that every procedure was involuntary or a nationwide prevalence rate.

Sources

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Late twentieth-century inequality and resistance

A shift from explicit legal segregation to structural inequality reshaped housing, policing, education, and wealth.

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