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1866 onward

Military institutionBook sources

Segregated Black regiments assigned to western campaigns

Western United States; Black soldiers and Indigenous communities

African American soldiers served in segregated units that participated in U.S. conquest of Native homelands. Access to military employment did not end racial subordination and could place one oppressed population in the machinery of another’s dispossession.

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Context / qualification

Not an allegation that every individual soldier committed atrocities; addresses institutional roles.

Sources

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Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction

Emancipation and constitutional change opened a democratic possibility that white terror and political retreat would sharply limit.

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