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1944

Resistance / redressBook sources

White-primary exclusion invalidated

Southern United States; Black voters

The Supreme Court rejected the white-primary mechanism used to exclude Black voters from decisive Democratic elections. The change challenged one component of a broader disenfranchisement system.

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Context / qualification

The decision is Smith v. Allwright; other barriers remained.

Sources

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World War II and early civil rights

War, migration, organizing, and legal challenges began to crack the architecture of formal segregation.

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