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Late 1960s onward

Environmental dispossessionBook sources

Black Mesa coal mining contested

Arizona; Navajo and Hopi communities

Residents challenged mining agreements and the effects of extraction on water, grazing and sacred lands. Zinn presents their objections as a continuation of struggles over who could authorize use of communal territory.

Dates preserve the source’s precision. This entry is part of a selected historical record; its qualifications and sources are retained below.

Context / qualification

The transcript places Black Mesa in New Mexico; the relevant Black Mesa coal area is in Arizona.

Sources

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Civil rights and Black Power

Mass movements transformed law and public life while exposing the limits of formal equality.

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