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1969–1971

Resistance / redressBook sources

Alcatraz occupation and federal removal

San Francisco Bay; Indians of All Tribes

Activists occupied Alcatraz to demand land, cultural institutions, and self-determination. The occupation built intertribal solidarity before federal removal of the remaining occupants in June 1971.

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Context / qualification

Resistance entry; its demands must not be mistaken for a racist event.

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Civil rights and Black Power

Mass movements transformed law and public life while exposing the limits of formal equality.

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