1852–1867
Child removal / coerced laborBook sources
Kidnapping of Indigenous children in California
California; Native families
Dunbar-Ortiz cites thousands of children kidnapped amid settler occupation and social disruption. Child seizure supplied coerced labor and separated children from families and community life.
Dates preserve the source’s precision. This entry is part of a selected historical record; its qualifications and sources are retained below.
Context / qualification
The figure of 4,000 belongs to the study cited by the author and its specified communities; it is not a universal statewide total.
Sources
- Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States (2014), chapter 2