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May and July 1844

Nativist violenceBook sources

Nativist violence targets Philadelphia’s Irish Catholics

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Nativist agitation against Catholic immigrants erupted into attacks on Irish Catholic neighborhoods and churches in Philadelphia. Disputes over public school Bible reading became a focus for anti-Catholic mobilization.

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Context / qualification

The May and July episodes were related but distinct. Religious hostility and anti-immigrant politics overlapped; the violence should not be reduced to a generic dispute among workers.

Sources

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Founding, expansion, and slavery

The new republic declared liberty while expanding slavery, removing Native nations, and restricting citizenship.

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