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1894

Resistance / redressBook sources

Hopi petition against allotment

Arizona; Hopi people

Hopi leaders explained that dividing land into individual parcels contradicted their family and community arrangements. Their petition and resistance challenged the assumptions built into federal assimilation policy.

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Context / qualification

The petition documents Indigenous opposition in their own terms.

Sources

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Jim Crow, exclusion, and imperial expansion

Segregation, racial violence, immigration exclusion, and forced assimilation shaped everyday life and national policy.

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